Bake-oven.



J. FAULDS.

BAKE OVEN. APPLICATION FILED MAX. 8, 1912.

1,078,667, Patented Nov. 18,1913.

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J. FAULDS.

BAKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAE. a, 1912.

7 ,6 7, Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

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J. FAULDS.

v BAKE OVEN. APPLICATION TILED MAR. 8 1912.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

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J. FAULDS.

BAKE OVEN.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB. a, 1912.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 60.,WASHINGTON. 014;

ENTTED 8TATE8 PATENT @FFTCE.

JOHN FAULDS, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB OF ONE-HALF TO JOHN I.

MARSHALL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BAKE OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed-March 8, 1912.

Patented Nov. 18,1913.

Serial No. 682,460.

drawings, forming a part thereof.

The invention relates to bake ovens and particularly to those adapted for continuous baking through being heated by radiation from the Walls of a furnace, and from the walls of fines within which the furnace gases are confined.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide 'for a more efiicient distribution of the heat in bake ovens of the kind described, and a feature of the invention provides for more intensely heating that part of a baking compartment adjacent its doors in order that the loaves which are inserted last, during the filling of the compartment, may nevertheless be colored first to permit their removal to provide access to the loaves more remote from the doors.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bake oven embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention, some of the parts being broken away toshow the internal construction of the oven; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, some of the parts being broken away;

Fig. 3 is a detail rear elevation of the oven, the rear end wall being removed; Fig. 4 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional view of the oven; Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 66 ofFig. 2; and Fig. 7 is a detail central transverse sectional view sh owing a modified form of construction.

As shown in the drawings, the oven is of a form having sectional walls whereby it may be reduced to compact form for transportation from place to place, and may be erected for use upon the ground over a trench adapted to receive the fire. Preferably the oven structure is of oblong rectangular shape, the length of the structure from side to side of the oven being considerably greater than that measured from the front to the back of the oven. The front and rear walls of the oven are designated 10 and 11, j

respectively. The side walls are designated 12 and 13. Each of the walls 10, 11, 12 and 13 takes the form of a continuous slab, preferably having inner and outer surface plates 14, 15, of sheet metal, and an intermediate filling 16 of non-conducting material, such as mineral wool. In order that the side and end walls may be detachably connected they are preferably provided, respectively, with registering dowel pins 17 and apertures 18. As shown the dowel pins 17 are located upon the ends of the side walls 12 and 13, and the apertures 18 are located in the front and rear walls 10 and 11 adjacent their vertical edges. Preferably the dowel pins 17 are of suflicient length to project through the apertures far enough to receive cotter pins 19. The cotter pins 19 are most conveniently permanently connected to the front and rear walls 10 and 11 adjacent the several apertures 18 by chains 20, to prevent their being misplaced.

A chambered cover 21 is provided for the structure. As shown this cover has marginal flanges 22, adapted to rest upon the upper edges of the side and end walls 10, 11, 12 and 13. An upstanding flange 23 extends along the higher edge of each of the side and end walls 10, 11, 12 and 13, whereby, when the parts are fitted together, a continuous ledge is formed about the margins of the cover 21 for confining a layer 24 of sand or other heat-retaining material upon the top of the cover.

Preferably the space inclosed by the cover 21 and vertical walls 10, 11, 12 and 13, is horizontally divided by means of a partition or shelf 25, which constitutes a hearth for the shelf 25 has upper and lower surface plates 26, 27, of sheet metal, and an-intermediate filling 28 of mineral wool or other insulating material. For removably supporting the shelf in position the front and 7 receiving the loaves to be baked. As shown plate 14 of the front wall 10 adjacent the corresponding door opening, as shown at 32, Fig. 4. In order that the door when open may serve as a peel rest, the movable plates of the hinges 32 carry stop lugs 33 adapted to engage thefront wall 10 to support the door in a horizontal position. Swinging latcharms 34 are applied to each of the doors 30 and 31, and coiiperating cleats 35 are applied'to theouter face of the front wall 10'above the door openings. As shown, two latch arms 34 are mounted upon each of the doors 30 and 31. The latch arms 34011 each door are connected to move together by a strap 36, carrying a hand-piece or grip 37.

When the Walls 10, 11, 12 and 13, and the cover 21 are detachablyconnected, as shown, the structure is preferably formed without a bottom or floor other than the ground X on which it tests. In erecting the oven for use it is preferably located over a trench Y for receiving a fire. Most desirably the trench Y is of sufficient length to extend rearwardly from the front wall 10 to beyond the rear wall 11, in order that access to the trench for tending the fire may be had from in rear of the oven. For protecting the under side of the shelf 25 from the direct heat of the fire contained in the trench Y, and to permit of the flue gases from the fire being confined in passages leading through the baking compartment and discharging into the chamber of the roof or cover 21,. a bottomless box 38 is placed over the trench within thestructure. This box is preferably substantially equal in length to the distance between the front and rear walls'l0 and 11. 'As shown, it has side and end flanges 39, 40, upon its lower edges. The side flanges 39 provide a substantial support for the box upon the ground X adjacent the trench Y. The possibility of caving in of the walls of the trench is thus re 'duced. For receiving the end flanges 40 of the box 38, int-urned flanges 41 are provided upon the lower edges of the front and rear wall's1O and 11., The flanges 40 and 41 have cotiperating dowel pins 42 and apertures 62 for preventing accidental displacement of the box 38 finuse, F or controlling the fire within the trench Yasw'inging door 43 is hung from the lower edge of the rear wall 11 to enter the trench. As shown,

' brackets 44, carr'ying hinged pintles 45, are

securedto the lower ed'ge of the rear wall '11 over the trench Y and the door 43 carries hinge plates 46 having slotted openings 47 for receiving the pintles 45. By reason of the sliding engagement between the door 43 and brackets 44 thus provided, the door may be moved inwardly when raised, to cause its inner edge to pass under the lower edge of the rear wall 11, whereby the door is supported in a horizontal position. \Vhen it is desired to reduce the supply of air to the fire in the trench Y, the door 43 may be pulled forwardly to release its inner edge from the under side of the wall 11 when it may be permitted to fall to a transverse vertical position within the trench. V V

Flues 48, 49, lead from the box 38 to the chamber of the roof or cover 21, and a stack 50 leads out of the chamber of the cover. Preferably provision is made for so conducting the flue gases from the firein the trench Y that the baking chamber will be more intensely heated adjacent thejfront wall 10. As shown, the fines 48, 49, lead from opposite sides of the box 38 adjacent its front end, first horizontally to the sides of the structure, and then upwardly to the chamber of the roof 21. The stack 50 is preferably located upon the median line of the structure adjacent the rear wall 11, and parti tions are provided within the chamber of the roof 21 to confine the flue gases to a definite path in passing from the flues 48, 49, to the stack.

As most clearly shownin Fig. 2 of the drawings, partitions 51, 52, extend within the chamber of the cover 21 from the sides of the chamber in rear of the flues 48, 49, toward but short of the median line of the chamber, thus providing a port opening 54 between their ends. A partition 53, parallel with the partitions 51, 52, extends across the median line ofthe roof chamber in front of the stack 50 and provides port openings 63, 64, beyond its ends. By means of the arrangement of lines 48, 49, and partitions 51, 52, 53, the flue gases from the fire are led laterally in opposite direction to the sides of. the oven, then upwardly through the baking compartment adjacent the front wall 10, and on being discharged into the chamber of the cover 21 are required to pass over the baking compartment adjacent the front wall to the port opening 54. To reach the stack50, the. flue gases must then pass about the ends of the partition 53, whereby an eflicientdis tribution of heat over the baking compartment is provided. The shelf 25 is also heated throughout its entire extent from below by direct radiation of heat from the walls of the box 38, andiby'contact with the heated air confined within the structure below the shelf. 7

Prefera bly the flues 48, 49,and the stack 50 are detachably secured in place. As shown, the horizontal and vertical portions of the fines 48, 49, are formed in separable sections adapted for telescopic connection in the usual way of connecting smoke lines, as shown at 55, Fig. 5. For convenience in assembling the parts the horizontal portions of the flues 48 and 49 extend in alinement over the fire box cover 38 and the latter is provided with a flanged opening 56 which enters such flue passage. A flange or collar 58 is provided upon the upper wall of the cover 21 for telescopically receiving the lower end of the stack 50. As shown, this flange or collar 58 has a sliding connection with the upper wall of the cover 21 in order that it may be substantially concealed with in the chamber of the cover when not in use. For supporting the collar 58 in its elevated position of service, oppositely fastening cleats 59, 60, are secured to the under side of the upper wall of the cover adjacentthe stack opening, and a bar 61 extends diametrically through the collar and has its ends projecting beyond the collar to engage the cleats. When it is desired to lower the collar to a position in which it is substantially concealed within the chamber of the cover 21, the stack 50 being removed, an intermediate portion of the bar 61 may be grasped by the hand and the collar 58 thereby given a partial rotation to disengage the ends of the bar 61 from the cleats 59, 60. Similarly, the bar 61 may be grasped by the hand for raising the collar 58, and when the collar has been thus raised it may be given a partial rotation to bring the ends of the bar 61 into engagement with the cleats 59, 60.

The large doors 30 and 31 provide con venient access to the whole of the baking chamber. The lines 48, 49, and partitions 51, 52, confine the hottest gases from the fire to the front portion of the oven structure in order that the baking may proceed somewhat more rapidly adjacent the doors than at the rear portions of the baking compartment. Opportunity for filling the compartment adjacent the doors after the rear portions of the compartment have been filled, and for removing the contents of the compartment about the doors to provide access to the material contained in the rear portions of the compartment, is thus provided. The structure described may be erected for use at any place upon the ground where a trench Y may be formed, and it may be conveniently taken down for transportation from place to place. An efficient baking oven, suitable for use as a part of the camp equipment of armies in the field, or of large camping parties, is thus provided.

In some instances it may be desirable to form the cover 21 in two parts, as 65, 66, adapted to be joined together upon the median line of the oven, as at 67, Fig. 7. The collar 58 for receiving the stack is then preferably located a short distance at one side of the median line of the oven, in order that it may be carried wholly by one of the parts, as 66, of the cover. To make a tight joint between the parts 65, 66, of the cover, a flange 68, adapted to telescopically enterthe open end of one of the parts, as 65, is formed upon the meeting edge of the other part, as 66.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a bake oven in combination, a bottomless rectangular casing, the walls and roof of the casing being each formed from a single rigid slab and the roof slab being chambered, a shelf detachably supported upon the said wall slabs and dividing the chamber of the casing into upper and lower compartments and constituting a hearth, a cover for a fire box chamber located below the said hearth and a flue pipe detachably connected at its opposite ends to the said cover and roof slab respectively and leading from the said fire box chamber, through an opening in the said hearth to the chamber of the roof slab.

2. In combination, a bake chamber having a charging door at one side, a fire box and means for concentrating the heat from the fire box about that part of the bake chamber adjacent the said charging door comprising a smoke flue leading from the said fire box entirely about the bake chamber adjacent the side having the charging door and along that part of the bake chamber remote from the charging door at the top only.

' 3. In a bake oven in combination, a bottomless casing having vertical side walls and a roof, a ledge having an upstanding flange at its outer edge extending horizontally across the inside face of each of two opposite side walls, a hearth supported by the said ledges, the corresponding edges of the hearth being provided with down-turned flanges which are hooked over the upturned flanges of the ledges whereby the hearth prevents bulging of the said vertical walls of the casing and a fire box located below the hearth.

4. In combination, a bake chamber having a charging door at one side, a fire box and means for concentrating the heat from the fire about that part of the bake chamber adjacent the said charging door comprising a smoke flue leading from the fire box entirely about the bake chamber adjacent the side having the charging door the said smoke flue being of less width than the width of the bake chamber.

5. In a bake oven, in combination, a rectangular casing, a shelf dividing the chamber of the casing into upper and lower com partments, a charging door in one side of the casing above the shelf, a fire-box located below the shelf, and means for concentrating the heat from the fire-box about that part of the upper compartment adjacent the said charging door comprising a pair of flues of less Width than the Width of the casing leading from the fire-box upwardly at 0pposite ends of the casing adjacent that side of the same having the charging door and thence in opposite directions across the top of the said upper compartment adjacent the same side of the casing to a juncture.

6. In a bake oven, in combination, a rectangular casing, a shelf dividing thecchamberof the casing into upper and lower compartments, a charging door in one side of the casing above the said shelf, a fire-box located at the mid-length of the casing and extending substantially from side to side of was the same below the said shelf, and means for concentratingthe heat from the fire-box about that part of the said upper compartment adjacent the said charging door comprising a pair of smoke fines of less idth thanthe Width of the casing leading in opposite directions from the fire-box adjacentthat side of thelcasing having the charging door, thence upwardlyat the ends of the casing to a juncture at the top of said upper JOHN FAULDS.

compartment. 7

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

